B29 Vs B52 - The Boeing B-52 is a classic aircraft design that is still in service more than fifty years after the first version flew. It is a heavy bomber operated by the United States Air Force. The official "name" of Stratofortress was not widely accepted; Perhaps the most common term for it in the military is BUFF, short for Big Ugly Fat Fellow.
. The last model, the B-52H, and the only one in service, is expected to remain in active service until at least 2040.
B29 Vs B52
The B-52 celebrated its 50th anniversary in April 2002 (first flight April 1952) and is the world's longest-running fighter jet – a total of 744 examples were built.
Boeing B 29 Superfortress 3d Model
Bombers had advanced rapidly in World War II, the Boeing B-17 being the mainstay of the attack against Germany and the B-29 against Japan. For both the future need to carry large nuclear weapons and to have a continental range, the needs of a wartime successor have been outlined. While the B-36 was a medium effort, it was a World War II design.
As the B-36 approached production, a new requirement was issued in late 1945 for a bomber with an operational radius of at least 5,000 km / 8,050 km and a higher speed than the B-52.
Boeing's first proposals were essentially enlarged B-29s with turboprops, first a straight-wing design and then a swept-wing turboprop reminiscent of the later Soviet Tu-95 BEAR.
In 1947 these did not appeal to the Air Force and the XB-52 project was also suppressed by the Northrop XB-49, a "flying wing" reminiscent of the later B-2 Spirit. It was specified that the winning design had to be a pure turbojet.
Boeing B 52 3d Model
Finally, in 1951, Boeing received a proposal for 13 B-52A aircraft. The XB-52 and YB-52 prototypes were already under construction. Only 3 A models were built and were used as test aircraft. The contract specified that the aircraft should be converted between the B-52 bomber and the RB-52 configuration. The B-52A first flew in 1954. A total of 744 B-52s were built, with the last, the B-52H, delivered in October 1962.
The Model B debuted in 1955. In 1956, a B-52 dropped a Mark 15 live thermonuclear bomb with a yield of 4 MT over Bikini Atoll. The bomb detonated 30 seconds earlier, hitting but not destroying the drop plane and the other planes in the test. As Goebel says, this was "fortunate as exit was not an option under the circumstances".
In 1957, a flight of three B-52Bs with aerial refueling circled the planet in 45 hours and 19 minutes. With a proven nuclear delivery capability, the force has clearly demonstrated its global reach for nuclear war.
The B-52Cs and Ds had only minor modifications, the main changes affecting the fuel system. The D model also dropped support for an inspection pod. While the US continued to dominate, the Soviet Union built more Tu-95 and Tu-142 BEAR variants for naval patrol/anti-submarine warfare, signals intelligence and maritime attack surveillance. In US service, these missions are used to transport aircraft components such as the P-3 Orion and the RC-135 RIVET JOINT.
A B 29 Superfortress, B 17 Flying Fortress And B 52 Stratofortress Fly In Formation At The 2017 Barksdale Air Force Base Airshow [5388 × 3596]
Originally intended to fly high and fast over targets in the Soviet Union, improvements to the Soviet Union's air defense system have made that method suicidal except when firing long-range surface-to-air missiles. In the nuclear delivery role, the aircraft is mechanically reinforced, providing very low altitude trajectories. The next major modification was the E model, changes that reflected the Soviet Union's new underground tactics, whose surface defenses became much more extensive. Soviet air defenses had improved to the point where high-altitude bombing was no longer effective, so SAC switched to low-altitude tactics. This required new expeditions and bombing raids. The F model was an E model with upgraded engines.
The G models, of which 193 were built, had performance improvements including weight reduction while increasing the fuel tank.
Wing pylons were added to the AGM-28 Hound Dog cruise missiles. The doctrine of this missile is focused on using it as a challenge aid to shoot down anti-aircraft weapons en route to targets to be attacked with gravity bombs.
At one point, the G was considered the last model, and the B-52 was replaced by the B-70 Valkyrie supersonic high-altitude bomber. Developmental problems, and the serious question of whether a high petation would occur at any speed, led to the cancellation of the B-70 and its transfer to the B-52H.
World War Ii Aircraft: B 29 Superfortress
The cancellation of the B-70 caused a significant conflict with the UK as it led to the cancellation of the highly effective Skybolt missile system. The British expected to use the Skybolt for their strategic bombers.
Only the H model is still in Luftwaffe inventory and is assigned to Air Fighter Command and Air Reserves.
The first of 102 B-52Hs was delivered to the Strategic Air Command in May 1961. The H model can carry up to 20 AGM-86 ALCM surface-to-air missiles. In addition, it can carry a conventional cruise missile that was launched in several emergencies in the 1990s, starting with Iraq and the Balkans.
The B-52H entered service in 1961 and 104 were built. The last one was given in 1962. However, due to extensive system and structural improvements, its service life is expected to extend beyond the 2040s. Air refueling gives them global reach.
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Before 1957, the B-52 was available for worldwide strikes, but required advance notice. Driven in part by the advent of intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles that had minutes to launch, the Strategic Air Command placed a third of the military on 15-minute warning starting in October 1957.
At the time, a typical payload consisted of one or two "clips" containing B28 bombs or special auxiliary weapons.
The 1960s saw the addition of the more powerful B41 and B53 bombers, as well as the 10 KT B57 tactical bomb.
Also in the 1960s, a number of measures were taken to reduce start-up time, e.g. B. pyrotechnic gine starters (large empty shells) instead of auxiliary vehicles. The system of "Minimum Interval Take Off" (MITO), in which a large force would take off, nose to tail like a herd of elephants, and a collision that is always close to the smoke they produced.
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At the Strategic Air Command, the warning system requires 70 to 80 hours a week at work, with constant drill and draconian discipline. A general can fly at any time without warning and conduct an Operational Readiness Exercise (ORE); this channel can instantly promote or demote the commanders of the fire brigade. It was always clear what it would mean if the alarm was true; The workers may have survived, but their bases, homes, and families were a little radioactive dust.
The worst air strike during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The B-52 proved reliable enough that the Air Force began phasing out the B-47 medium jet bombers. B-47 series, possibly with aerial refueling. it was shorter than that of the B-52 and required politically weaker bases outside the US. Also, the small B-47 did not have room to add a growing array of electronic warfare systems. There was hope for the B-58 supersonic medium bomber, but it proved difficult to fly and unreliable.
Still in the strategic role, the B-52's Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) role has evolved due to the increased availability of target missiles. In addition to the ability of missiles to hit mobile or improvised targets, they can send a deadly warning if missiles cannot. If multiple bombers sounded the warning in the air, as they did in the Cuban missile crisis, or flew close to the Soviet Union, that was a threat that could not be delivered by missile operators putting their hands close to the trigger.
A US Air Force Boeing B-52F-70-BW Stratofortress drops Mk 117 750 lb (340 kg) bombs over Vietnam, circa 1965-1966.
B 52 Stratofortress: The Sac Years
Apart from the 11-day attack of Operation Linebacker II against North Vietnam in 1972, the B-52 bombers, designed for nuclear attacks on Soviet and Chinese targets, were carried out mainly in the role of strategic support in the bombing of South Vietnam. Besides the Linebacker campaign, the strategic bombing campaign against North Vietnam was carried out by the Air Force and bombers designed as aircraft.
Codenamed ARC LIGHT, the B-52 mission flies over suspected hostile territory, with each B-52 dropping 42,000 pounds of conventional explosives. They bombed from a very high altitude, out of sight and out of hearing, so the first warning before the actual attack would be the explosives. Poor US communications security, and Soviet spy ships in overseas waters near a major base on Guam, would issue a general warning that an attack was on the way, but not there.
While ARC LIGHT attacks were more common in South Vietnam, ground-based attacks, which were more accurate at the time, began in July 1966. Using the "Combat Sky Spot" radar system, a ground commander could order a bomber to release its payload at a designated location.
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